APOD250915 强烈太阳风暴下的地球 - 天文(Astronomy)版

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APOD250915 强烈太阳风暴下的地球

CelestiaAstromm 2026-01-01 23:18:14

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强烈太阳风暴下的地球

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http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2509/FlareMagnetosphere_NasaSvs.mp4

Video Credit: NASA[1]'s SVS[2], SWRC[3], CCMC[4], SWMF[5]; T. Bridgeman[6] et al.[7]

英文原文:Explanation: Can our Sun become dangerous? Yes, sometimes. Every few years our Sun ejects a scary-large bubble of hot gas into the Solar System . Every hundred years or so, when the timing, location, and magnetic field connections are just right, such a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) will hit the Earth . When this happens, the Earth not only experiences dramatic auroras, but its magnetic field gets quickly pushed back and compressed , which causes electric grids to surge. Some of these surges could be dangerous, affecting satellites and knocking out power grids -- which can take months to fix. Just such an storm -- called the Carrington Event -- occurred in 1859 and caused telegraph wires to spark . A similar CME passed near the Earth in 2012, and the featured animated video shows a computer model of what might have happened if it had been a direct hit. In this model, the Earth's magnetopause became so compressed that it went inside the orbit of geosynchronous communication satellite s. 说明：太阳会变得危险吗？答案是肯定的，而且偶尔会发生。大约每隔几年，太阳[8]就会向太阳系[9]抛出一个庞大的高温气体泡泡[10]。而大约每一百年左右，当时机、位置与磁场[11]连接条件恰巧吻合时，这样的日冕物质抛射（Coronal Mass Ejection, CME）便会正面撞击地球[12]。当这种情况发生时，地球不仅会出现壮丽的极光，其磁场也会被迅速推挤并压缩[13]，导致电力系统产生强烈电流突波。其中一些突波可能造成严重影响，波及人造卫星[14]，甚至瘫痪电网[15]，而这样的损害往往需要数月才能修复。历史上最著名的一次事件便是 1859年[16]的「卡林顿事件[17]」（Carrington Event），当时电报线路因电流过大而冒出火花[18]。在 2012 年，也有一次规模相当的CME[19]从地球附近掠过。若当时正面撞击，后果将十分惊人。这段主题视频[20]便是电脑仿真的结果：地球的磁层顶[21]（magnetopause）被压缩到竟然缩进了同步通信卫星[22]的轨道之内。