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将如下内容翻译成中文
Mesoscopic systems are conventionally divided into two
classes. In closed systems electrons are localized and
Coulomb interaction effects determine the transport properties, while in open systems the Coulomb interaction can
be neglected at low energies. The class of a system depends
on the contacts between the mesoscopic region and the
surrounding electrons. If the contacts contain a large number of poorly transmitting channels, such as in metallic
nanostructures, then the crossover from closed to open is
smooth and occurs when the total conductance of the
contacts is on the order of e2=h [1,2]. If the contacts
each have one mode, as can happen in semiconductor
nanostructures, then the transition is expected to be sharp:
Coulomb blockade (CB) occurs when the mode in each
contact is partially transmitting, and in the absence of
phase coherence CB disappears when the mode in either
contact becomes fully transmitting [3].
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