APOD250915 强烈太阳风暴下的地球
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http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2509/FlareMagnetosphere_NasaSvs.mp4
Video Credit: NASA[1]'s SVS[2], SWRC[3], CCMC[4], SWMF[5]; T. Bridgeman[6] et al.[7]
英文原文:Explanation: Can our Sun become dangerous? Yes, sometimes. Every few years our Sun ejects a scary-large bubble of hot gas into the Solar System . Every hundred years or so, when the timing, location, and magnetic field connections are just right, such a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) will hit the Earth . When this happens, the Earth not only experiences dramatic auroras, but its magnetic field gets quickly pushed back and compressed , which causes electric grids to surge. Some of these surges could be dangerous, affecting satellites and knocking out power grids -- which can take months to fix. Just such an storm -- called the Carrington Event -- occurred in 1859 and caused telegraph wires to spark . A similar CME passed near the Earth in 2012, and the featured animated video shows a computer model of what might have happened if it had been a direct hit. In this model, the Earth's magnetopause became so compressed that it went inside the orbit of geosynchronous communication satellite s. 说明: 太阳会变得危险吗?答案是肯定的,而且偶尔会发生。大约每隔几年,太阳[8]就会向太阳系[9]抛出一个庞大的高温气体泡泡[10]。而大约每一百年左右,当时机、位置与磁场[11]连接条件恰巧吻合时,这样的日冕物质抛射(Coronal Mass Ejection, CME)便会正面撞击地球[12]。 当这种情况发生时,地球不仅会出现壮丽的极光,其磁场也会被迅速推挤并压缩[13],导致电力系统产生强烈电流突波。其中一些突波可能造成严重影响,波及人造卫星[14],甚至瘫痪电网[15],而这样的损害往往需要数月才能修复。历史上最著名的一次事件便是 1859年[16]的「卡林顿事件[17]」(Carrington Event),当时电报线路因电流过大而冒出火花[18]。 在 2012 年,也有一次规模相当的CME[19]从地球附近掠过。若当时正面撞击,后果将十分惊人。这段主题视频[20]便是电脑仿真的结果:地球的磁层顶[21](magnetopause)被压缩到竟然缩进了同步通信卫星[22]的轨道之内。
明日的图片: stellar cathedral[23]
Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff[24] (MTU[25]) & Jerry Bonnell[26] (UMCP[27])
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply[28].
NASA Web Privacy[29], Accessibility[30], Notices[31];
A service of: ASD[32] at NASA[33] / GSFC[34],
NASA Science Activation[35]
& Michigan Tech. U.[36]
太空天文实验室(成功大学物理系)
编辑:林昱丞[37]
[3]https://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/heliophysics/spaceweather
[4]https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[6]https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/search/?people=Tom%20Bridgman
[7]https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4189/
[8]https://science.nasa.gov/sun/
[9]https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/solar-system/
[10]http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap180902.html
[11]https://www.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasa-understanding-the-magnetic-sun/
[12]https://science.nasa.gov/earth/facts/
[13]https://i.pinimg.com/236x/68/39/3f/68393f3ed2ce3ab1aa221497496fb290.jpg
[14]https://www.space.com/may-solar-storm-largest-mass-migration-satellites
[16]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859#Events
[17]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrington_Event
[18]https://www.history.com/articles/a-perfect-solar-superstorm-the-1859-carrington-event
[19]https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/nmp/st5/SCIENCE/cme.html
[20]https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4189/
[21]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetopause
[22]https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/first-geosynchronous-satellite/
[23]http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250916.html
[24]http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[26]https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[28]http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[29]https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[30]https://www.nasa.gov/general/accessibility/
[31]https://www.nasa.gov/privacy/
[32]https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[34]https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[35]https://science.nasa.gov/learners
[37]http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/l28091033@gs.ncku.edu.tw
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250915.html
http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw/astrolab/mirrors/apod/ap250915.html
