APOD251223 意大利上空的红色精灵与圆形精灵闪电
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图像提供与版权: Valter Binotto[1]
英文原文:Explanation: What's happening in the sky? Lightning . The most commonly seen type of lightning involves flashes of bright white light between clouds. Over the past 50 years, though, other types of upper-atmospheric lightning have been confirmed, including tentacled red sprites and ringed ELVES . Although both last only a small fraction of a second, sprites are brighter and easier to photograph than their more common electrical-discharge cousins. ELVES are rapidly expanding rings that are thought to be created when an electromagnetic pulse shoots upward from charged clouds and impacts the ionosphere , causing nitrogen molecules to glow. Capturing either form of lightning takes patience and experience -- capturing them both together , since they usually occur separately, is rare. The featured image is a frame from a video recorded from Possagno , Italy late last month above a distant thunderstorm over the Adriatic Sea . 说明: 什么正在天空中发生?闪电[2]。 最常见的闪电类型是在云层之间出现的闪光[3],这些闪光通常是明亮的白光[4]。 然而,在过去的50年中,其他高空大气闪电类型[5]已被确认,包括触手般的红色精灵[6]和环状的淘气精灵 ELVES[7]。 虽然这两者都只持续极短的时间,但红色精灵[8]比其常见的电气放电[9]亲戚更明亮且更容易拍摄。 淘气精灵[10]是快速扩展的环状闪电,目前认为是由带电云层放电所产生向上的电磁脉冲[11]撞击电离层[12]导致氮[13]分子发光而形成的。 拍摄这两种闪电都需要耐心和经验-由于它们通常是分开发生的,因此同时拍摄两者非常罕见。 主题图像[14]截取自上个月底在意大利[15] 波萨尼奥Possagno[16]拍摄的一段视频,视频拍摄远处亚得里亚海[17]上空的一场雷暴[18]之上。
明日的图片: mystery dots[19]
Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff[20] (MTU[21]) & Jerry Bonnell[22] (UMCP[23])
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply[24].
NASA Web Privacy[25], Accessibility[26], Notices[27];
A service of: ASD[28] at NASA[29] / GSFC[30],
NASA Science Activation[31]
& Michigan Tech. U.[32]
太空天文实验室(成功大学物理系)
<br/> 编辑:<a href="mailto:hantzong.su@gmail.com" style="color:gray;" target="_blank">苏汉宗</a>
编辑:陈炳志[33]
[1]https://www.instagram.com/valterbinotto/
[2]https://www.lightningmaps.org/
[3]http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220919.html
[4]http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap210524.html
[5]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper-atmospheric_lightning#/media/File:Lightning_sprites.jpg
[6]http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap231002.html
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper-atmospheric_lightning#Elves
[8]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper-atmospheric_lightning#Sprites
[9]https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ucMJhP_Y3q0
[10]https://malevus.com/elves/
[11]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse
[12]https://science.nasa.gov/earth/10-things-to-know-about-the-ionosphere/
[13]https://science.nasa.gov/kids/earth/atmosphere/
[14]https://www.instagram.com/p/DSFhlz_DKSF/
[15]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy
[16]https://youtu.be/0jnyeOwPbNQ
[17]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Sea
[18]https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/the-anatomy-of-a-thunderstorm-78101/
[19]http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap251224.html
[20]http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[22]https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[24]http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[25]https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[26]https://www.nasa.gov/general/accessibility/
[27]https://www.nasa.gov/privacy/
[28]https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[30]https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31]https://science.nasa.gov/learners
[33]mailto:alfred@ncku.edu.tw
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap251223.html
http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw/astrolab/mirrors/apod/ap251223.html
